Industrial fuel plays a vital role in the modern production landscape. Works rely heavily on various types of fuel to generate the energy needed to operate machinery, manufacture goods, and maintain overall operations. From fossil fuels like coal, oil, and natural gas to renewable alternatives such as biomass and solar power, the choice of fuel dep

Carbon dot nanomaterials (CDNs) have emerged as a significant class of nanomaterials with a broad spectrum of applications in various fields. These exceptionally fluorescent nanoparticles exhibit unique optical, electronic, and catalytic properties that arise from their intrinsic structure and surface chemistry. Their tunable size, shape, and

Sputtering is a widespread technique utilized in the fabrication of advanced thin films. Titanium (Ti) sputtering, specifically, has emerged as a favorable method due to its ability to deposit high-quality Ti thin films with accurate thickness and composition. The process involves bombarding a Ti target with energetic ions, ejecting atoms that then